Commercial users: see the World Economic Database from our partners at Anansi Data Analytics

Latest release – v2026_09 New

Global Macro Database

The world's most comprehensive macroeconomic dataset.

46 variables · 239 countries · 167 sources · 1086–2025 (+ forecasts to 2031)

The 2026-09 update is a data-quality release. It fixes hundreds of errors in exchange rates, currency units and government deficits, and adds seven new sources, including historical estimates that take nominal GDP for Spain, Italy and Portugal back to 1277, 1310 and 1527. AI agents can now query the GMD via MCP, and new packages load it in MATLAB and Julia. Check the full release log here.

Trusted by 8,000+ researchers, policy makers, and practitioners. Free for academic use.

46 variables
GDP, inflation, government finance, trade, unemployment & more
239 countries
Comprehensive coverage, historical to modern
167 sources
Sources harmonized into one country-level panel
1086-2025
with projections to 2031
Why the GMD

More history, more data, one consistent series

Long history, not just for rich countries

127 countries have data on exports from before 1950, as just one example.

First year of export data

  • Before 1800 6 countries
  • 1800–1869 62 countries
  • 1870–1949 59 countries
  • 1950 or later 100 countries
  • No data
World map shading each country by the first year of export data in the GMD. 127 economies start before 1950 and 68 before 1870.

More data than any single source

Country-years of data up to 2025. For a typical variable the GMD has 1.7 times as many as the leading single source.

GMDLeading single source
Exports
25,36214,768Mitchell
Inflation
24,13216,676Clio Infra
Exchange rate
23,75313,770IMF International Financial Statistics
Consumer prices
23,3059,995IMF International Financial Statistics
Real GDP
23,03418,268Maddison Project Database
Nominal GDP
21,16611,835IMF Global Debt Database
Policy rate
9,0994,390IMF International Financial Statistics
Unemployment
7,4814,903IMF International Financial Statistics

One series from many sources

France's nominal GDP is covered by 23 sources, each for part of the period (bars). The GMD joins them into one continuous series (line) by matching growth rates.

GMD series, log scaleOne source
1010³10⁵10⁷1850190019502000Years covered by each sourceAndersson: 1815–2011Mitchell: 1815–1997Smits, Woltjer & Ma: 1815–1938GPIH government budgets: 1822–1975Fouquin & Hugot (CEPII): 1827–2014Jones & Obstfeld: 1850–1939Piketty & Zucman: 1869–2010Jordà-Schularick-Taylor: 1870–2020Bordo: 1880–1997Flandreau & Zumer: 1880–1913Villa: 1896–1938IMF International Financial Statistics: 1950–2025IMF Global Debt Database: 1950–2024Penn World Table: 1950–2019AMECO (European Commission): 1960–2025OECD Economic Outlook: 1960–2025World Development Indicators: 1960–2025WDI (archive): 1960–1997United Nations: 1970–2024FAO: 1970–2023Eurostat: 1975–2025IMF World Economic Outlook: 1980–2025World Bank Global Economic Monitor: 1987–2022 See every source →
Latest from GMD
About the Project

The one-stop shop for cross-country macroeconomic data

Macroeconomic statistics are essential for researchers and practitioners. Yet the underlying data are scattered across hundreds of sources, with inconsistent units, country and time coverage, and variable definitions. The result: users spend weeks understanding, cleaning, harmonizing, and combining data before they can do any analysis.

The Global Macro Database (GMD) was built to remove that bottleneck. Our key innovation is to integrate a total of 167 data sources, both historical and current, updated quarterly through a large, systematic pipeline that divides up the process of downloading, cleaning, and combining data. For more on the project's motivation and methodology, see our paper (Müller, Xu, Lehbib, and Chen, 2025) and the technical documentation.

License & use

Free for academic use

The Global Macro Database (GMD) is free for academic use: research meant for publication, teaching, and theses by students, faculty, and researchers at universities and academic research institutes. It is also free for teachers and non-profit organizations. If you use it, please cite the dataset (see How to cite).

Everyone else, including companies, may not use it without our written permission. For commercial use, our partners at Anansi Data Analytics offer the World Economic Database, a more extensive, commercial-grade product. If you are unsure whether your use is free, get in touch before downloading.

See the full Research Use Terms →